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Read passages I, and II carefully and answer the questions that follow. Each question carries 3 marks PASSAGE I Political change and social transformation in the form of revolutions have radically altered the course of human civilization and history. Today, the world is witnessing political and social changes arising from the desire of people all over the globe for greater freedom and a voice in the way they are governed and a better standard of living. Part of these struggles and processes have become more pronounced in the third world since the end of the east west cold war in the late 1980s, and in the face of the challenges being posed by the ongoing process of globalization. While political and social changes may appear to be distinct phenomena, they are analytically inseparable. Political and social changes refer to alteration or transformations in human behaviour, norms and politico- social institutions. Such changes are often a collective response to the need to change, or as a tacit recognition of a shift in the prevalent power relations in the society. Therefore, the coming to power of new sets of rulers, or the establishment of new structures and processes of governance broadly typifies socio- political changes. It is important to note that change can either be positive or negative. In most cases, political and social changes are caused by certain factors or reasons. These push people to collectively organize themselves to struggle for a change in the existing power relations. Another reason is to capture political power, in the hope of making life better for the generality of the people. If politics is defined as who gets what, when and how; it then implies that political change refers to an alteration in the form of power, and the identity of the group or class which controls and wields state power Adapted from Anifowose, R. and Enemuo, F. (1999) Element of politics. Which question paper type of use of English is given to you?

        A.   Type F

        B.   Type E

        C.  Type L

        D.  Type S

Answer: C

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A suitable title for this passage is

        A.   Reasons for political change

        B.  The struggle for political power

        C.  Elements of politics

        D.  Social change and political empowerment

Answer: D

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PASSAGE II Like all reptiles, snakes are cold- blooded, or more correctly, ectodermic- they cannot produce their own body heat; instead, they rely on the sun to heat their bodies. Because they do not rely on energy from food to generate body heat; snakes can survive on an extremely meagre diet. Some wait for months between successive meals and a few survive by eating a large meal just once or twice a year. When they do eat, snakes swallow their prey whole rather than biting off small pieces. Many snakes have specialized jaws that enable them to swallow animals that are far larger than their own heads. Although uncommon, some snakes, such as the African rock python, have been observed eating animals as large as an antelope or a small cow. With over two thousand five hundred species belonging to more than ten families, snakes are large and successful group. They owe much of this success to their versatility snakes occupy habitat ranging from underground burrows to the top of the tree, to ocean depths as great as one hundred and fifty meters. They are found on every continent except Antarctica , and although they are most abundant in tropical areas, many survive in regions marked by extreme cold. The only places without snakes are parts of the Polar Regions and isolated islands, such as the republic of Ireland and New- Zealand as opposed to places in Nigeria like plateau and Gombe states in the northern parts where there is a large population of snakes. It can be inferred from the passage that snakes are

        A.  Heterogeneous creatures

        B.  Voracious cow eaters

        C.  Great insect eaters

        D.   Homogeneous reptiles

Answer: A

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Which of the following is true according to the passage?

        A.  Snakes are not in the polar region

        B.  Snakes are endemic on every continent

        C.  There are countless number of snakes in the republic of Ireland

        D.  Snakes are seldom seen at the Antarctica

Answer: A

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It can be deduced from the passage that snakes have

        A.   No external auditory organ

        B.  Visible internal locomotive organs

        C.   No visual sense of measurement

        D.  Large appetite for antelopes

Answer: B

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A suitable title for this passage is

        A.  Feeding habits of snakes

        B.  Some characteristics of snakes

        C.  Snakes as legless, cold- blooded reptiles

        D.   Species of snakes in Nigeria and other lands

Answer: B

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About Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board JAMB

By 1974, there were seven (7) Federal Universities in the country. Every one of these existing universities conducted its own concessional examination and admitted its students. However, this system of admission revealed serious limitations and quite often, waste of resources in the process of administering the concessional examination especially on the part of the candidates. The general untidiness in the uncoordinated system of admissions into universities and the attendant problems were sufficient cause for concern to the committee of vice - chancellors. These problems had assumed new dimension when by 1976, the then federal military government, under the leadership of General Olusegun Obasanjo, established six (6) additional universities. Consequently, the government set up a national committee on university entrance under the chairmanship of Mr. M. S. Angulu.

The Committee was specifically requested to consider the possibility of setting up a Joint Matriculation Board.The Committee recommended the setting up of two (2) bodies, the Central Admissions Board and the Joint Matriculation Board. The Federal military government accepted some of the recommendations of the committee and set up the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board. The legal instrument establishing the Board was however promulgated by the act (no. 2 of 1978) of the Federal Military Government on 13th February, 1978.

By August 1988, the Federal Executive Council amended decree No. 2 of 1978 to empower the Board to conduct matriculation examinations for entry into all polytechnics and colleges of education in the country and to place suitably qualified candidates in the available places in these institutions.

The amendments have since been codified into decree No. 33 of 1989, which took effect from 7th December, 1989.


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