NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA

UNIVERSITY VILLAGE, PLOT 91, CASDASTRAL ZONE, NNAMDI AZIKIWE EXPRESS WAY, JABI, ABUJA.
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2013 EXAMINATION

Programme: Agricultural Extension and Management
Course Code: AEM 311
Course Title: Introduction to Rural Life
Credit Unit: 2
Total Score: 70 Marks
Time Allowed: 2 Hours
Instruction: Answer section A and any other 3 questions in section B

SECTION A: (Compulsory) 10 marks
1. The belief in mysterious powers is rampant among which group of people………………
2. To the rural people, nothing evil is accidentally caused. It is the handiwork of ………………….
3. The essential elements of witchcraft are its …………..….
4. ………is a ritual performance or activity believed to influence human or natural events through access to an external mystical force beyond the ordinary human sphere?
5. In the south west of Nigeria Incantations which involves chanting or uttering of words purporting to have marginal power is known as “Ofo” or……………………
6. …………….is when some objects usually non-living, are referenced as if they are living.
7. Some of the primordial divinities and deified ancestors in the rural areas of the…………………Nigeria are “Obatala”, “Orunmila”, “Oduduwa”, “Esu” , “Ogun” , “Sango”, “Orisa Oke” and “Ayelala”
8. The Thrift Society known in the South West as …………
9. Among the programme and strategies for poverty reduction ‘’NALDA ‘’ means:
10. ……………is a living condition in which an entity is faced with economic, social, political, cultural and environmental deprivations.

SECTION B
Instruction: Any three questions answered: 20 marks each = 60%
1. (a) Define the term rurality =6marks
(b) List five (5) characteristics of Rural and Urban areas =14marks

2. (a) List 5 kinds of associations that exist among rural community in Nigeria. =5marks
(b)State Five (5) characteristics that is common with the rural associations? =15marks

3. (a) List five (5) Characteristics of Communities =5marks
(b) Write short note on Set Standards and Common Culture of Communities =15marks

4. (a) List sources of information for economic development =8marks
(b) What is Social solidarity in rural and urban settlements? =12marks

6. (a) Define poverty? =4marks
(b) List and explain the types of poverty =16marks