NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA

UNIVERSITY VILLAGE, PLOT 91, CASDASTRAL ZONE, NNAMDI AZIKIWE EXPRESS WAY, JABI, ABUJA.
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2018 EXAMINATION

Programme: Agricultural Extension and Management

Course Title:     STATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODS IN EXTENSION

Course Code:   AEM 501

Credit Unit:      3

Total Score:      70 Marks

Time Allowed:  2½Hours

INSTRUCTION:

Answer Compulsory question 1 ( 30 marks) and any 4 questions (10 marks each).

1. (a)  What is a research?        3 marks                                                           

      (b)   Explain the three (3) classifications of research.               6 marks

            (c)  In  what  ways  do  exploratory,  descriptive  and  causal  research designs  differ?           6 marks

           (d)  Briefly  comment  on  simple  random  sampling  and  systematic sampling methods with examples.   5 marks

           (e)  Explain Ex-post-facto-research with a clear example.              5 marks          

           (f) Differentiate between Case and Ethnographic studies.              5 marks

2. (a)  Identify five (5) characteristics of research problems.              5 marks

            (b)   Define hypothesis and list its types.     5 marks

3. (a)  What are intervening variables?       4 marks

(b)   Differentiate between continuous and discrete variables.     6 marks            

4. (a)  What are the characteristics of inadequate response in questionnaire administration?

                                                                                                    5 marks                  

            (b) Define the followings:

                 i. Sample

                ii. Statistic

               iii. Sample frame

               iv. Sampling error

               v.  Probability                                                                     5 marks  

5. (a)  i. What is a pie chart?                                     2 mark                                     

              ii. What are the steps in drawing a pie chart?         2 marks

       (b) If  there  are  85  students in a faculty, 20 students  in  Agric. Extension  Department, 10   students  in  Agronomy,  35 students  in  Agric.  Economics,  15  students  in  Animal  Science  and  5 students in Agric. Biology.  Present this information on a bar chart.         6 marks

    6.  (a)  What is a report writing?      2 marks

         (b)   Write short notes on the followings:

             - Forward

             - Introduction

             - Methodology

             - Discussion and interpretation                             8 marks   

  7.  (a)    Write five (5) tips for constructing a bar.             5 marks   

       (b)    Write short notes on quartiles and mean deviation.    5 marks