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NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA

UNIVERSITY VILLAGE, PLOT 91, CASDASTRAL ZONE, NNAMDI AZIKIWE EXPRESS WAY, JABI, ABUJA.
FACULTY OF SCIENCES
JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2018 EXAMINATION

COURSE CODE: BIO 403

COURSE TITLE: POPULATION CYTOGENETICS

CREDIT UNITS: 2

TIME ALLOWED: 2 Hours

INTRUCTION: Answer question ONE (1) and any other THREE (3) questions

 

1a. Define genetic drift. (2 marks)

  b. State Hardy-Weinberg Law. (3 marks)

  c. It takes over several generations to approach equilibrium frequencies if the alleles are sex-linked and the sexes differ in allelic frequency. Discuss (8 marks)

  d. In a population of 200,000 people carrying the recessive allele, a for albinism, there are 200 aa albinos, 196,200 AA and 3,600 Aa heterozygous carriers. (12 marks) 

       i. Compute the allelic frequencies in the parent population. 

ii. Using Hardy-Weinberg equation, predict the number of individuals of each genotype in the next generation.  

 

2a.   How can allelic frequencies at an X-linked locus be determined from the genotypic 

frequencies using Equations (3 marks)

  b. Write short notes on the following:

          i. Selective mating (4 marks)

         ii. Adaptation (4 marks)

        iii. Migration (4 marks)

 

3a. How does mutation affect evolution? (3 marks)

  b. Give a detailed description of any three forms of genetic drift you know. (3 x 4 = 12 marks)  

 

4a. What is the significance of a Chi square test in population genetics studies? (3 marks)

b. The hemoglobin variants among Australians where multiple alleles are present are shown in the Table below.

emoglobin genotypes:

   AA                  AS                 SS                      AC                  SC                       CC                   Total

 4,034             1566                 8                      346                  28                      22                     6,004

 Calculate:

i. the genotypic frequencies. (6 marks)

ii. the allelic frequencies. (6 marks)

 

5a.Is there Hardy-Weinberg population in real life? (3 marks)

b. Outline the assumptions upon which Hardy-Weinberg law depends. (5 marks)

c. The number of individuals living in a town is 600. A study showed that the number of

individuals in the town with different M-N blood group phenotypes are as follows:

Phenotype

                   No. of individuals

                           M      

                                 90  

                          MN

                                150

                             N     

                                  60

Calculate:

i. the genotypic frequency. (4 marks)

ii. the allelic frequency.  (3 marks)


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