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NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA

UNIVERSITY VILLAGE, PLOT 91, CASDASTRAL ZONE, NNAMDI AZIKIWE EXPRESS WAY, JABI, ABUJA.
FACULTY OF SCIENCES
APRIL/MAY 2019 EXAMINATION

COURSE CODE: BIO406

COURSE TITLE: PARASITOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

CERDIT UNIT: 2    

TIME: 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER QUESTION ONE (1) AND ANY OTHER THREE (3) QUESTIONS

 

1. (a) Enumerate the variables involved and the ultimate outcome of a host becoming inoculated    

          by a pathogen.   (4 marks)

    (b) Outline the three techniques that make prevention as a means of protection. (3 marks)

    (c) Give a detailed description of the specific immune response to infection. (6 marks)

    (d) Account for the evidence to show that graft rejection is immunological (12 marks)

   

       

2. (a) List the three characteristics for antigen to be immunogenic. (3 marks)

    (b) Write short notes on the following: 

     i. Antigen-presenting cells   (4 marks)

    ii. Tumour antigens  (4 marks) 

    iii. Nativity (4 marks)

 

3. (a) Outline any three types of hypersensitivity. (3 marks)

    (b) In a tabular form describe three types of delayed hypersensitivity reactions under the

          following headings; clinical appearance, histology, antigen and site (12 marks)

 

4. (a) List the factors that restrain the development of autoimmune responses. (3 marks)

    (b) Write short notes on the following: 

          i. Artificially acquired active immunity (4 marks)

          ii. Naturally acquired passive immunity (4 marks) 

    iii. Artificially acquired passive immunity (4 marks)

 

5. (a) Define organ transplantation. (3 marks)

    (b) Describe the four types of traditional vaccines. (4x3=12 marks)


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